Economic Agglomeration and Income Growth of Rural Residents: Comparative Analysis of Poor and Non-Poor Counties in Sichuan and Chongqing [in Chinese]

Publication
In Journal of Chongqing University (Social Science Edition)

Abstract: Economic agglomeration and Rural Revitalization are the key issues and practical demands of regional economics and development economics. Whether they can “complement each other” has attracted much attention. Under the theoretical framework of spatial economics, this paper discusses the impact mechanism of economic agglomeration on rural residents’ income growth. Taking 218 districts and counties in Sichuan and Chongqing, which have the most dynamic economy and relatively prominent poverty problems in the west, as a sample, this paper introduces the spatial weight matrix reflecting geographical and economic characteristics into the dynamic spatial Dobbin model for empirical test. It is found that the effect of economic agglomeration on increasing farmers’ income and reducing poverty has the characteristics of path dependence and “snowball” in the time dimension, and has long-term positive direct effect and spillover effect, which can significantly promote the income growth of rural residents, but its short-term effect is not significant. The impact of economic agglomeration on the income growth of rural residents has typical spatial asymmetry. The impact of “economic agglomeration center” on the income growth of rural residents has obvious scale effect and attenuation characteristics with distance. Economic agglomeration not only fails to effectively enhance the income growth of rural residents in remote and deep poverty-stricken areas, but also further aggravates the deterioration of the income situation of local rural residents. It can be seen that in the “post poverty alleviation period” when poverty eradication and Rural Revitalization are effectively connected, we should not only continue to strengthen the scope and depth of economic agglomeration and promote regional economic development, but also effectively connect the Rural Revitalization Strategy with the in-depth poverty alleviation policy to promote the sustained growth of rural residents’ income.

Key words: economic agglomeration; farmer’s income growth; reducing poverty effect; dynamic spatial panel model; spatial asymmetry


  经济集聚和乡村振兴作为区域经济学和发展经济学的重点问题和现实诉求,二者能否“相得益彰”备受关注。文章在空间经济学理论框架下探讨了经济集聚对农村居民收入增长的影响机制,以西部经济最活跃、贫困问题相对突出的川渝地区218 个区县为样本,将反映地理和经济特征的空间权重矩阵引入动态空间杜宾模型进行了实证检验。研究发现:经济集聚对农民的增收减贫效应在时间维度上存在路径依赖和“滚雪球”特征,并具有长期的正向直接效应和溢出效应,可以显著促进农民增收,但其短期效应并不显著。经济集聚对农村居民收入增长的影响具有典型的空间非对称性特征,“经济集聚中心”对农村居民收入增长的影响具有明显的规模效应和随距离衰减的特征,经济集聚不仅不能有效促进边远深度贫困地区农村居民收入增长,反而进一步加剧了当地农村居民收入状况的恶化。可见,在脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴有效衔接的后脱贫攻坚时期,既要不断增强经济集聚的广度和深度,促进区域经济发展,又要有效对接乡村振兴战略和深度扶贫政策,促进农村居民收入持续增长。

关键词:经济集聚;农村居民收入增长;减贫效应;动态空间面板模型;空间非对称


结论与政策启示

  本文运用集聚理论及空间计量方法,对川渝地区 218 个区县的经济集聚空间分布特征进行了分析,基于时间距离空间权重矩阵和经济距离空间权重矩阵,建立静态和动态的双固定空间杜宾模型实证研究了经济集聚对农村居民收入增长的影响,并对贫困县与非贫困县进行了比较分析,研究结论及相应的政策启示如下。

  首先,从全样本的动态空间杜宾模型看,农民收入在时间维度上表现出了很强的路径依赖和“滚雪球”的特征,虽然短期内经济集聚的形成未能显著促进农村居民收入增长,但从长期来看,经济集聚对本地和其他地区农村居民收入的增长都存在显著的正效应。

  其次,从分样本回归来看,经济集聚对农村居民收入的“涓滴效应”不仅没能有效渗透到贫困县地区,还对深度贫困地区的农村居民收入存在着不利的影响,经济集聚对农村居民收入的影响在非贫困县与贫困县中表现出了极强的空间非对称性。

  最后,本文验证了经济集聚规模效应的存在并间接验证了虹吸效应的存在,在偏远地区虹吸效应大于规模效应和溢出效应,不利于农村居民收入增长。

  综上,经济集聚已成为县域农村居民收入增长不可忽视的重要影响因素,但是,在肯定经济集聚对农村居民收入积极作用的同时,更要重视:第一,在“后脱贫攻坚时期”,既需要继续加强经济中心的总体规模,扩大集聚的范围和深度,又需要重视“经济集聚并不能有效地增强深度贫困地区的农民增收减贫”问题,针对贫困县与非贫困县的差异,合理调整政策,有意识地将乡村振兴战略与精准扶贫和深度扶贫政策相结合,改善贫困县地区农村居民的收入状况。

  第二,经济集聚形成的中心区具有较强的辐射能力,政府应尽可能的消除区域间的体制机制障碍,避免地方保护主义,充分发挥看不见的“第三只手”的力量来推动区域间交流与合作,这样既可以减少对外围地区的排挤效应,又可以充分释放中心地区的溢出效应。

  第三,要想充分发挥地需要进一步完善农村地区的基础设施,使得城市与乡村的联系更加紧密;同时,经济集聚较强的区县应该充分发挥地区的示范和扩散效应,加强与周边落后区县的经济合作交流,将溢出效应渗透到偏远地区,持续推进农民收入增长。

  第四,应当继续加强对贫困县地区的教育扶贫投入,通过提升贫困地区农村居民的人力资本,从根源上“扶贫”“扶志”和“扶智”,切实破解“贫困陷阱”“顽固贫困”和“贫困代际传递”三个关键反贫困问题,以巩固脱贫攻坚战略成果和增强防贫经验与意识。

Weiwei Zheng
Weiwei Zheng
Ph.D. Candidate

My research interests include regional economics, industrial economics, and spatial econometrics theory & application.